NOTE 1 — NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NATURE OF OPERATIONS

KORU MEDICAL SYSTEMS, INC. (the “Company,” “KORU Medical,” “we,” “us” or “our”) designs, manufactures and markets proprietary portable and innovative medical devices primarily for the subcutaneous drug delivery market as governed by the United States Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) quality and regulatory system and international regulations and standards for quality system management. The Company operates as one segment.

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (“Annual Report”).  In accordance with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the Company has omitted footnote disclosures that would substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the audited financial statements of the Company. The accompanying interim financial statements are unaudited and reflect all adjustments which are in the opinion of management necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented.  All such adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature.  The Company’s results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations and cash flows that it may achieve in future periods.

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

For purposes of the statements of cash flows, the Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.  The Company has historically held cash balances in excess of $250,000 at its primary commercial bank, which exceeds FDIC insurance limits. To reduce the risk of uninsured deposits, the Company entered an insured cash sweep program with KeyBank during the second quarter of 2023 to automatically invest its uninsured bank cash balances over $250,000 into FDIC insured banks so there is no more than $250,000 maintained at any one bank. Further, as of June 30, 2023 the Company had invested $10.4 million in a US Treasury bill that matures every 90 days.

PATENTS

Costs incurred in obtaining patents have been capitalized and are being amortized over the legal life of the patents.

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company maintains a stock option plan and an omnibus equity incentive plan under which it grants stock options to certain executives, key employees and consultants. The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.  All options are charged against income at their fair value.  The entire compensation expense of the award is recognized over the vesting period.

The Company also maintains a non-employee director compensation plan. Shares of stock granted for director fees are recorded at the fair value of the shares at the grant date.

The Company issues restricted stock awards. Restricted stock awards are equity classified and measured at the fair market value of the underlying stock at the grant date. The fair value of restricted stock awards vesting at certain market capitalization thresholds were estimated on the date of grant using the Brownian Motion Monte Carlo lattice model. The fair value of restricted stock awards with time-based vesting were estimated on the date of grant at the current stock price. The fair value of restricted stock awards vesting at certain annual sales growth thresholds were estimated as of the date of Board acknowledgement of the achievement, at the current stock price. We recognize restricted stock expense using the straight-line attribution method over the requisite service period and account for forfeitures as they occur.

NET LOSS PER COMMON SHARE

Basic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. The Company’s potentially dilutive common shares are those that result from diluted common stock options and unvested restricted stock awards. The calculation of diluted loss per share excluded stock options of 11,784 and 137,539, respectively, in weighted-average shares for each of the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 and 14,001 and 166,441 respectively in weighted-average shares for each of the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as their effect was ant-diluted as a result of the net loss incurred for those periods.

The calculation of diluted loss per share excluded performance-based restricted stock and RSUs of 904,496 and 950,000 respectively, in weighted-average shares for each of the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 and 904,496 and 950,000 respectively in weighted-average shares for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as their effect was anti-diluted as a result of the net loss incurred for those periods.

The following securities were not included in the computation of diluted shares outstanding for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022 because the effect would be anti-dilutive:

Schedule of securities

Therefore, diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding and diluted net loss per share were the same as basic weighted average number of shares outstanding and net loss per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Schedule of net income per common share

USE OF ESTIMATES IN THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes.  Actual results could differ from those estimates. Important estimates include but are not limited to asset lives, deferred tax valuation allowances, inventory valuation, and customer rebate and incentive accruals. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire 2023 fiscal year.

REVENUE RECOGNITION

Our revenues are derived from three business sources: (i) domestic core (which consists of US and Canada), (ii) international core, and (iii) novel therapies.  Our core domestic and international revenues consist of sales of our syringe drivers, tubing and needles (“Product Revenue”) for the delivery of subcutaneous drugs that are FDA cleared for use with the KORU Medical infusion system, with the primary delivery for immunoglobulin to treat Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases (“PIDD”) and Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (“CIDP”). Novel therapies consist of Product Revenue for feasibility/clinical trials (pre-clinical studies, Phase I, Phase II, Phase III) of biopharmaceutical companies in the drug development process as well as non-recurring engineering services (“NRE”) revenues (including testing and registration services) received from biopharmaceutical companies to ready or customize the FREEDOM System for clinical and commercial use across multiple drug categories.

For Product Revenue, we recognize revenues when shipment occurs, and at which point the customer obtains control and ownership of the goods.  Shipping costs generally are billed to customers and are included in Product Revenue.

The Company generally does not accept return of goods shipped unless it is a Company error.  The only credits provided to customers are for defective merchandise.  The Company warrants the syringe driver from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and the warranty does not include a performance obligation.  The costs under the warranty are expensed as incurred.

Rebates are provided to distributors for the difference in selling price to distributor and pricing specified to select customers.  In addition, rebates are provided to customers for meeting growth targets.  Provisions for both distributor pricing and customer growth rebates are variable consideration and are recorded as a reduction of revenue in the same period the related sales are recorded or when it is probable the growth target will be achieved.

We recognize NRE revenue under an input method, which recognizes revenue on the basis of our efforts or inputs (for example, resources consumed, labor hours expended, costs incurred, or time elapsed) to the satisfaction of a performance obligation relative to the total expected inputs to the satisfaction of that performance obligation (i.e. completion milestone). The input method that we use is based on costs incurred.

Contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specifications and requirements. Contract modifications exist when the modification either creates new, or changes existing, enforceable rights and obligations. Generally, when contract modifications create new performance obligations, the modification is considered to be a separate contract and revenue is recognized prospectively. When contract modifications change existing performance obligations, the impact on the existing transaction price and measure of progress for the performance obligation to which it relates is generally recognized as an adjustment to revenue (either as an increase in or a reduction of revenue) on a cumulative catch-up basis. Contract assets primarily represent revenue earnings over time that are not yet billable based on the terms of the contracts. Contract liabilities (i.e., deferred revenue) consist of fees invoiced or paid by the Company’s customers for which the associated performance obligations have not been satisfied and revenue has not been recognized based on the Company’s revenue recognition criteria described above. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has recognized a contract asset of $282,118 which is included in other accounts receivable in the accompanying balance sheet.

The following table summarizes net revenues by geography for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022:

 Schedule of net sales by geography

ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS RECENTLY ADOPTED

 The Company considers the applicability and impact of all recently issued accounting pronouncements.  Recent accounting pronouncements not specifically identified in our disclosures are either not applicable to the Company or are not expected to have a material effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which amends guidance on reporting credit losses for assets held at amortized cost basis and available for sale debt securities.  For assets held at amortized cost basis, Topic 326 eliminates the probable initial recognition threshold in current GAAP and, instead, requires an entity to reflect its current estimate of all expected credit losses.  The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets to present the net amount expected to be collected.  For available for sale debt securities, credit losses should be measured in a manner similar to current GAAP, however Topic 326 will require that credit losses be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down.  This ASU affects entities holding financial assets and net investment in leases that are not accounted for at fair value through net income.  The amendments affect loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off balance sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope that have the contractual right to receive cash.  The Company adopted the pronouncement on January 1, 2023, and there is no impact on its financial statements.

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is the exit price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability.  Fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined using assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value should maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.  To measure fair value, the Company uses the following fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable:

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, including investments in short-term U.S. Treasury bills, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, accounts payable and accrued expenses are considered to be representative of their fair values because of the short-term nature of those instruments.  There were no transfers between levels in the fair value hierarchy during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable.  An impairment loss would be recognized when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are less than the carrying amount.  The impairment loss, if recognized, would be based on the excess of the carrying value of the impaired asset over its respective fair value.  The Company did not record any impairment losses through June 30, 2023.